Tribus urbanas de Medellín buscan convivencia en el Parque de los Deseos

'Metrojuventud, viene adelantando gestiones para que los jóvenes compartan el espacio sin agredirse y para que no se presenten disputas', señaló Jorge Ceballos, subsecretario de Orden Civil.

La moda y las expresiones culturales de los jóvenes son cada vez más difíciles de describir con una sola palabra. Antes era posible definirlos como emos, flogguers, punks, metaleros, tectónicos, etc. Ahora son un híbrido, una mezcla entre todos y lo definible deja de serlo cuando una nueva tendencia llega a la ciudad.

El que parece emo dice que no lo es y el que parece metalero prefiere el hard core, mientras otros montan en skate pero les gusta el punk o el hip-hop.

Una de las principales manifestaciones que determina la caracterización de los adolescentes es la música. Por ejemplo, la que está entrando ahora es el tecno, y aunque el término viene de los 80, se habla de un sonido electrónico actual que se puede bailar y es distinto a la tectónica, que estuvo de moda hasta hace poco.

Uno de los principales territorios donde se manifiestan estas expresiones es el Parque de Los Deseos, en el norte de la ciudad. Allí está Roxana N., conocida entre sus amigos como 'Gotita Mosh'. Tiene 15 años, su cabello es rubio y fucsia, usa ropa colorida.

"Lo que a mí me gusta me lo pongo y no me importa si me dicen emo o tectónica. Me gusta el rock, pop y punk. También me gustan los toques de tecno, pues me encuentro a muchos amigos y es bacano para escuchar y bailar. Es muy diferente a la tectónica, eso ya pasó de moda", explica.

En el Parque de los Deseos las expresiones de afecto, diversas y espontáneas, se mezclan con las manifestaciones culturales. Y aunque desde fuera pretendamos encasillar o etiquetar al otro, este Parque poco a poco se convierte en un territorio para que quien desee expresarse lo haga libremente.

Sin embargo, tal confluencia de subculturas ha generado algunos problemas de convivencia.

"Hace tiempo hubo una pelea en el Parque. Un grupo de muchachos apuñaló a una joven amiga de otro grupo. Desde ahí se mantienen los enfrentamientos", explica Leiden, un joven de una de las 'barras'.

Al respecto la Alcaldía de Medellín aclaró que viene trabajando para que hechos de ese tipo no se repitan en este lugar, que sin duda es el favorito de muchos jóvenes de la ciudad.

http://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/antioquia/tribus-urbanas-buscan-convivencia-en-el-parque-de-los-deseos_7769220-1 (fragmento)

Según el texto, el Parque de Los Deseos es

 Analise as imagens a seguir:

Agora, leia o depoimento:

Até setembro de 1944, não existiam crianças em Auschwitz: eram todas mortas a gás na chegada. Depois dessa data, começaram a chegar famílias inteiras de poloneses: todos eles foram tatuados, inclusive os recém-nascidos.  

Fonte: LEVI, Primo. "Os afogados e os sobreviventes". Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra, 1990. p. 71 e 72

As imagens e o texto referem-se aos campos de concentração.

a)  CARACTERIZE o contexto histórico no qual se inserem.

b)  IDENTIFIQUE que tipo de pessoas eram aprisionadas nestes campos.



Um novo tipo de replicador surgiu recentemente neste planeta. Ainda está em sua infância num caldo primordial, mas já está evoluindo a uma velocidade que deixa o gene para trás. O novo caldo é a cultura humana. Precisamos de um nome para o novo replicador, que passe a ideia de uma unidade de transmissão cultural, ou unidade de imitação.
Exemplos de memes são melodias, ideias, "slogans", roupas da moda, modos de fazer potes ou de construir arcos. Os memes propagam-se de cérebro a cérebro por meio de imitação. Se um cientista ouve ou lê uma ideia boa, ele a transmite a seus colegas e alunos. Se a ideia "pegar", pode-se dizer que ela se propaga por si própria.
                                                                                                                                                 

                                                                                                                                              DAWKINS, R. O gene egoísta. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1976 (adaptado).

Nesses termos, o paralelo entre a evolução biológica e a evolução cultural somente será válido se

(UERN) Mooresville’s Shining Example (It’s Not Just About the Laptops)

MOORESVILLE, N.C. — Sixty educators from across the nation roamed the halls and ringed the rooms of East Mooresville Intermediate School, searching for the secret formula. They found it in Erin Holsinger’s fifth-grade math class.

There, a boy peering into his school-issued MacBook blitzed through fractions by himself, determined to reach sixth-grade work by winter. Three desks away, a girl was struggling with basic multiplication – only 29 percent right, her screen said – and Ms. Holsinger knelt beside her to assist. Curiosity was fed and embarrassment avoided, as teacher connected with student through emotion far more than Wi-Fi.

As debate continues over whether schools invest wisely in technology – and whether it measurably improves student achievement – Mooresville, a modest community about 20 miles north of Charlotte best known as home to several Nascar teams and drivers, has quietly emerged as the de facto national model of the digital school.

The district’s graduation rate was 91 percent in 2011, up from 80 percent in 2008. On state tests in reading, math and science, an average of 88 percent of students across grades and subjects met proficiency standards, compared with 73 percent three years ago. Attendance is up, dropouts are down. Mooresville ranks 100th out of 115 districts in North Carolina in terms of dollars spent per student – $7,415.89 a year – but it is now third in test scores and second in graduation rates.

“Other districts are doing things, but what we see in Mooresville is the whole package: using the budget, innovating, using data, involvement with the community and leadership,” said Karen Cator, a former Apple executive who is director of educational technology for the United States Department of Education. “There are lessons to be learned.”

Start with math lessons: each student’s MacBook Air is leased from Apple for $215 a year, including warranty, for a total of $1 million; an additional $100,000 a year goes for software. Terry Haas, the district’s chief financial officer, said the money was freed up through “incredibly tough decisions.”

Sixty-five jobs were eliminated, including 37 teachers, which resulted in larger class sizes – in middle schools, it is 30 instead of 18 – but district officials say they can be more efficiently managed because of the technology. Some costly items had become obsolete (like computer labs), though getting rid of others tested the willingness of teachers to embrace the new day: who needs globes in the age of Google Earth?

Families pay $50 a year to subsidize computer repairs, though the fee is waived for those who cannot afford it, about 18 percent of them. Similarly, the district has negotiated a deal so that those without broadband Internet access can buy it for $9.99 a month. Mr. Edwards said the technology had helped close racial performance gaps in a district where 27 percent of the students are minorities and 40 percent are poor enough to receive free or reduced-price lunches.

(The New York Times. February 13, 2012/adaptado) 

The underlined word in the text refers to: