O termo genética foi aplicado pela primeira vez pelo biólogo inglês William Bateson (1861-1926) para definir o ramo das ciências biológicas que estuda e procura explicar os fenômenos relacionados à hereditariedade.

Assim, a alternativa correta é:

    Working for on-demand startups like Uber and TaskRabbit is supposed to offer flexible hours and higher wages, but many workers have found the pay lower and the hours less flexible than they expected. Even more surprising: 8 percent of those chauffeuring passengers and 16 percent of those making deliveries said they lack personal auto insurance.

    Those are among the findings from a survey about the work life of independent contractors for on-demand startups, a booming sector of the tech industry, being released Wednesday.

    “We want to shed light on the industry as a whole,” said Isaac Madan, a Stanford master’s candidate in bioinformatics who worked with two other Stanford students and a recent alumnus on the survey of 1,330 workers. “People need to understand how this space Will change and evolve and help the economy.”

    On-demand, often called the sharing economy, refers to companies that let users summon workers via smartphone apps to handle all manner of services: rides, cleaning, chores, deliveries, car parking, waiting in lines. Almost uniformly, those workers are independent contractors rather than salaried employees.

    That status is the main point of contention in a recent rash of lawsuits in which workers are filing for employee status. While the survey did not directly ask contractors if they would prefer to be employees, it found that their top workplace desires were to have paid health insurance, retirement benefits and paid time off for holidays, vacation and sick days – all perks of full-time workers. Respondents also expressed interest in having more chances for advancement, education sponsorship, disability insurance and human-relations support.

    Because respondents were recruited rather than randomly selected, the survey does not claim to be representational but a conclusion one may come to is that flexibility of new jobs comes with a cost. No all workers are prepared for that!

SFChronicle.com and SFGate.com, May 20, 2015. Adaptado.

(FUVEST 2016 1° FASE) Outro resultado da mesma pesquisa indica que

(UNIRIO) Em 1936, Alexander Oparin propõe uma nova explicação para a origem da vida. Sua hipótese se resume nos seguintes passos descritos no esquema que se segue.

Pela teoria de Oparin, os primeiros seres surgidos na Terra teriam sido

Garrafas PET (politereftalato de etileno) têm sido utilizadas em mangues, onde as larvas de ostras e de mariscos, geradas na reprodução dessas espécies, aderem ao plástico. As garrafas são retiradas do mangue, limpas daquilo que não interessa e colocadas nas “fazendas” de criação, no mar.

GALEMBECK, F. Ciência Hoje, São Paulo, v. 47, n. 280, abr. 2011 (adaptado).

Nessa aplicação, o uso do PET é vantajoso, pois: