Cadernos
(AFA) BRAZILIAN AIR FORCE ACADEMY
AFA (Air Force Academy), located at Pirassununga, State of São Paulo, is responsible for the training of Pilots, Administrative and Aeronautics Infantry Officers for the Brazilian Air Force.
The history of the Brazilian military pilots schools goes back to 1913, when the Brazilian Aviation School was founded, at Campo dos Afonsos, State of Rio de Janeiro. Its mission was to provide instruction at similar levels to those of the best European schools at the time; Blériot and Farman aircraft, made in France, were available for the instruction of the pupils. The Great War 1914-1918, however, forced its instructors to leave and the school was closed.
At that time, both the Brazilian Army and Navy had their own air arms, the Military Aviation and the Naval Aviation. The Navy bought Curtiss F seaplanes in May 1916 to equip the latter, and in August of the same year, the Naval Aviation School was created.
The Military Aviation, however, only activated its Military Aviation School after the Great War, on 10 July 1919. Among the aircrafts used at the school, one could find the Sopwith 1A2, Bréguet 14A2, and Spad 7.
Until the beginning of the 1940s, both schools continued with their activities. 1The Brazilian Government was concerned with the air war in Europe and decided to concentrate under a single command the military aviation activities. 6Thus, on 20 January 1941, the Air Ministry was created and both the Army and Navy air arms were disbanded, their personnel and equipment forming the Brazilian Air Force. On 25 March 1941, the Aeronautics School was based at Campo dos Afonsos, and its students became known as Aeronautics Cadets from 1943 to the current days.
As early as 1942, it became clear that the Aeronautics School would need to be transferred to another place, offering better climate and little interference with the flight instruction of the future pilots. 2The town of Pirassununga was chosen among others, and, in 1952, the first buildings construction was initiated. The transfer of the School activities to Pirassununga occurred from 1960 to 1971. 3The School was redesigned as the Air Force Academy in 1969.
The motto of the Academy is the Latin expression “Macte Animo! Generose Puer, sic itur ad astra”, extracted from the poem Thebaida, by the Roman poet Tatius. It is an exhortation to the cadets, which can be translated as Courage! This is the way, oh noble youngster, to the stars.
The instruction of the Aeronautics Cadets, during the four-year-long course, has its activities centred in the words COURAGE – LOYALTY – HONOUR – DUTY – MOTHERLAND. The future officers take courses on several subjects, including Calculus, Computer Science, Mechanics, Portuguese and English, given by civilian lecturers, Air Force instructors and supervisors. The military instruction itself is given on a daily basis, and 4the Cadets are trained on different subjects, including parachuting, and sea and jungle survival.
According to the chosen specialization, the Cadet will receive specific instruction:
Pilots: Instruction on precision maneuvering, aerobatics, formation flying and by instruments, with 75 flying hours on the primary/basic training aircraft T-25 Universal, beginning on the 2nd term of the 1st year and completed in the 3rd year. Advanced training is given on T-27 Tucano aircraft, with 125 flying hours.
Administrative: Training on the scientific and technological modern foundations of economics and financial management, and logistics training.
Aeronautics Infantry: Instruction on defense and security techniques of military Aeronautics installations, anti-aircraft measures, command of troops and firefighting teams, military laws and regulations, armament usage, military service and call-up procedures.
During their leisure time, the Cadets participate on the activities of seven different clubs: Aeromodelling, Literature, Informatics, Firearms shooting, Gauchos Heritage (for those coming from the South of Brazil), Gerais Club and Sail Flying. The clubs are directed by the Cadets themselves, under supervision of Air Force officers.
The Academy also houses the Brazilian Air Force Air Demonstration Squadron – The Smoke Squadron.
Flying as the eagles do!
Adapted from http://www.rudnei.cunha.nom.br/FAB/en/afa.html
Mark the alternative that has the fragment from the text INCORRECTLY changed into Active Voice.
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El ocio de los jóvenes, ¿un riesgo?
Andrea Sánchez Mata
Son las ocho de la tarde, hora punta en el metro. En la parada de Avenida de América, uno de los televisores emite un boletín de noticias del Canal Metro. Muchos de los viajeros fijan su mirada, ya casi perdida después de un largo día, en el monitor. La vocecilla de los informativos comienza a locutar: “Más del 80 por ciento de los jóvenes madrileños entre 15 y 24 años dedican la mayor parte de su tiempo de ocio a salir de fiesta por la noche, según el informe «Ocio y riesgos de los jóvenes madrileños» realizado por la Fundación de Ayuda a la Drogadicción, la Obra Social Caja Madrid y el Instituto de Adicciones del Ayuntamiento de Madrid”.
Un par de señoras, de esas que cargan con bolsas y que han quedado para ir de compras, dicen: “Vamos, estos jóvenes de hoy en día, ya ni van al cine, ni al teatro, ni tan siquiera leen, como hacíamos nosotras, sólo les interesa emborracharse”, y miran de soslayo a un grupillo de jóvenes que tienen cerca. “Hombre claro, durante toda la semana tenemos clase, lo que nos apetece los fines es irnos fiesta, comenta un chaval de unos 18 años.
Continúa la noticia: “La investigación revela que casi el 70 por ciento de los encuestados se emborrachó al menos una vez en 2009. Un 45 por ciento fue en coche de un conductor bebido o drogado. Una tercera parte se peleó. Uno de los chicos dice: “Va, prefiero montar en el coche de alguien bebido que dejarme las pelas en un taxi, pasar frío en la calle o esperar a que abra el metro” Las señoras suspiran con un aire de indignación, “qué inconscientes”, apunta una de ellas.
Ya dentro del vagón una de las señoras dice: “Mi Vero, que ahora dice que quiere estudiar no sé que de teatro, yo ya ni la escucho, sólo dice tonterías”.
El día siguiente, la noticia en el periódico añade: “El estudio indaga sobre las creencias de los padres acerca del ocio de los jóvenes. La mayoría se alarma pero se resigna y acepta las consecuencias de la independencia de sus hijos y confía en que están bien educados y sean algo diferentes”. Buena suerte.
http://www.gazeta20.com/?p=3257 (fragmento)
Identifica en el texto, cuáles son los factores que justifican decir que el ocio de los jóvenes es peligroso.