A questão refere-se ao texto a seguir:

Taking Measure With Hardware and Software

The researchers who founded National Instruments Corp switched from building their own equipment to beefing up other people’s.

“You could start a company.” That offhand comment by Jim Truchard got Jeff Kodosky and Bill Nowlin thinking. Within days, Truchard and his two employees at the Applied Research Laboratories (ARL) at the University of Texas at Austin (UT) decided to give it a go. That was in February 1976. By May, the trio had incorporated. Today, National Instruments Corp has annual Sales topping $425 million, employs more than 3100 people, sells some 1500 hardware and software products, and, for five years running, has been rated by Fortune magazine as one of the 100 best companies to work for.

  At ARL, Truchard headed an underwater acoustic measurements lab. “I had about two dozen different projects, all the way from basic acoustics to pragmatic testing of military sonar beam formers,” he says. Truchard went into science because of Sputnik. “I was right on the cusp of that movement. We were all taking Russian and physics,” he says. He earned bachelor’s and master’s degrees in physics and did his PhD — on a nonlinear parametric acoustic receiving array — in electrical engineering, all at UT. Kodosky and Nowlin both worked part-time for Truchard while enrolled at UT. Nowlin earned a master’s in electrical engineering and Kodosky, who has a bachelor’s in physics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, worked toward a PhD; he drifted between theoretical high-energy physics and computer science but did not complete the degree. (…)

Physics intuition

Both Kodosky and Truchard point to their physics training as playing a role in their success with National Instruments. Says Truchard, “Acoustical measurements are fairly tricky, and it happens to be a smaller area where you didn’t have off-the-shelf equipment. You had to build equipment. That background, and the measurements themselves, created a basis.” What’s more, he adds, “the physics background helps create good intuition. I think having solved differential equations and learned about gradients, you know how things are going to work out. I’ve always felt it helped me develop intuition about business.”

  In leaving academic research, says Kodosky, “we took a giant step back from what we were working on. ARL was cutting edge. Now it was customers who were doing the interesting experiments.” Still, he and Truchard say they have more impact on science by supplying tools than they would have had as researchers. “We can have a nonlinear effect on the productivity of the science and engineering community. There is plenty of anecdotal evidence that our virtual instrumentation can make people 5 to 10 times as productive,” Kodosky says. “I personally would find it frustrating [to do research] because it’s slow, but dropping by a customer’s site every couple of years is fun. We live vicariously through them.”

Toni Feder

Physics Today, July 2004

Considere as seguintes afirmações:

I. Truchard, Nowlin e Kodosky fundaram a empresa National Instruments Corp, em 1976.

II. A National Instruments Corp atua na área de informática e, de acordo com a Revista Fortune, está entre as 100 empresas mais produtivas nesta área.

III. Nowlin e Kodosky trabalhavam para Truchard, em tempo parcial, enquanto estudavam na Universidade do Texas.

Está(ão) correta(s)

Com relação às organelas presentes no citoplasma das células, pode-se afirmar corretamente que:

(BAHIANA)

C₂H₆O (l) + 3O₂ (g) → 2CO₂ (g) + 3H₂O (l)           ΔH° = – 1 367 kJ/mol

O calor liberado em uma reação química, a exemplo da reação de combustão do etanol representada pela equação termoquímica, está associado, entre outros fatores, à diferença entre a energia necessária para a ruptura de ligações químicas das substâncias reagentes e a energia liberada na formação de novas ligações intra e intermoleculares nos produtos.

A análise das informações associada aos conhecimentos da termoquímica permite afirmar:

S.O.S Português 

Por que pronunciamos muitas palavras de um jeito diferente da escrita? Pode-se refletir sobre esse aspecto da língua com base em duas perspectivas. Na primeira delas, fala e escrita são dicotômicas, o que restringe o ensino da língua ao código. Daí vem o entendimento de que a escrita é mais complexa que a fala, e seu ensino restringe-se ao conhecimento das regras gramaticais, sem a preocupação com situações de uso. Outra abordagem permite encarar as diferenças como um produto distinto de duas modalidades da língua: a oral e a escrita. A questão é que nem sempre nos damos conta disso. 

S.O.S Português. Nova Escola. São Paulo: Abril, Ano XXV, nº- 231, abr. 2010 (fragmento adaptado).

O assunto tratado no fragmento é relativo à língua portuguesa e foi publicado em uma revista destinada a professores. Entre as características próprias desse tipo de texto, identificam-se marcas linguísticas próprias do uso:

Texto

Las danzas y el fuego

[1]     Si bien algunos autores dudan de que en la Península

Ibérica existiesen danzas regladas con anterioridad a la venida

de los romanos, lo cierto es que Estrabón nos habla de los

[4 ]pueblos celtas y celtíberos diciéndonos que bailaban en el

plenilunio a un Dios sin nombre, y por otra parte, han llegado

a nosotros, aunque algo modificadas, un gran número de

[7 ]danzas, la mayoría de las cuales tiene un marcado carácter

religioso. Se pueden citar como ejemplo: las danzas de

vísperas en Galicia, la danza prima en Asturias, la sardana en

[10] Cataluña, etc. Más tarde, al ser conquistada la Península por

los romanos, el pueblo asimiló las danzas, generalmente

licenciosas, que los conquistadores traían, pero manteniendo

[13] siempre las indígenas. Además de las danzas de carácter

religioso, existía otro tipo de danzas muy importante de carácter

guerrero, de las cuales encontramos muestras por toda la

[16] Península, aunque hubo pueblos, como los cántabros, que casi

no fueron invadidos, en los que se conservaron las tradiciones

de una forma más pura.

Rocío Espada. La danza española (adaptado).

Internet: <www20.gencat.cat>.

Según su forma y uso en el texto,

el vocablo “indígenas” (l.13) significa perteneciente a los pueblos celtas y celtíberos.