Texto base: A imagem mostra a roleta de um jogo realizado em programa de televisão.     Disponível em: <www.jogorodaaroda.com.br>Acesso em: 25 abr. 2015.

Enunciado:

Ao rodar a roleta, uma seta irá indicar se o participante ganhará um prêmio em dinheiro ou não. Esse prêmio se acumula nas rodadas seguintes. 

A) Qual é a probabilidade de se ganhar o maior prêmio em uma rodada?

B) Qual é a probabilidade de se ganhar um prêmio maior que 50 reais e inferior ou igual a 600 reais?

C) Quais eventos têm a mesma probabilidade de acontecer que o evento de ganhar 700 reais?

D) Se uma pessoa ganhar os maiores prêmios nas quatro primeiras rodadas, é possível perder tudo na última rodada?

 A maioria dos aparelhos eletroeletrônicos que utilizamos contém uma função chamada standby. Essa função permite que o aparelho, após desligado, possa ser religado num tempo muito curto. Estudos realizados nos Estados Unidos comprovam que a função standby é responsável por um gasto mensal nas contas de energia elétrica, entre 5% e 10%. Ocorre que os aparelhos nessa função não estão totalmente desligados. Na verdade, estão parcialmente ligados, o que consequentemente gera consumo. Cita-se como exemplo um forno de micro-ondas cujo consumo em standby é de 6 W. Quando em uso, a potência média desse micro-ondas é de 1200 W.



Considere que esse forno seja utilizado durante 20 minutos por dia, ao longo de 30 dias. O consumo de energia do forno devido apenas ao seu funcionamento e consumo de energia devido somente a função standby serão, nesse período, respectivamente iguais a:

O romance Animal Farm (“A revolução dos bichos”), de George Orwell, se passa numa fazenda onde animais, liderados pelo porco Old Major, decidem fazer uma revolução. São apresentados abaixo dois trechos do romance: o primeiro, de sua parte inicial, quando a fazenda ainda é administrada por Mr. Jones; o segundo, de sua parte final, quando passa a ser controlada pelos animais.

PART 1

Word had gone round during the day that Old Major (…) had had a strange dream on the previous night and wished to communicate it to the other animals. It had been agreed that they should all meet in the big barn as soon as Mr. Jones was safely out of the way.

(…) When Major saw that they had all made themselves comfortable and were waiting attentively, [5] he cleared his throat and began: “Now comrades, what is the nature of this life of ours? Let us face it: our lives are miserable, laborious, and short. (…) Why then do we continue in this miserable condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by humanbeings. There, comrades, is the answer to all our problems. It is summed up in a single word: Man.Man is the only real enemy we have. Remove Man from the scene, and the root cause of hunger and[10] overwork is abolished forever. Man is the only creature that consumes without producing. He doesnot give milk, he does not lay eggs (…), yet he is lord of all the animals. (…) Is it not crystal clear,then, comrades, that all the evils of this life of ours spring from the tyranny of human beings? Onlyget rid of Man, and the produce of our labour would be our own. (…) That is my message to you,comrades: Rebellion!”

PART 2

[15] Years passed. The seasons came and went, the short animal lives fled by. A time came when there

was no one who remembered the old days before the Rebellion (...).

Somehow it seemed as though the farm had grown richer without making the animals themselves any richer − except, of course, for the pigs and the dogs. (...) It was not that these creatures did not work, after their fashion. There was, as Squealer* was never tired of explaining, endless work [20] in the supervision and organization of the farm. Much of this work was of a kind that the otheranimals were too ignorant to understand. For example, Squealer told them that the pigs had toexpend enormous labours every day upon mysterious things called “files”, “reports”, “minutes” and“memoranda”. These were large sheets of paper which had to be closely covered with writing, andas soon as they were so covered, they were burnt in the furnace. This was of the highest importance[25] for the welfare of the farm, Squealer said. But still, neither pigs nor dogs produced any food by theirown labour; and there were very many of them, and their appetites were always good. As for theothers, their life, so far as they knew, was as it had always been. They were generally hungry, theyslept on straw, they drank from the pool, they laboured in the fields. (…)

And yet the animals never gave up hope. More, they never lost, even for an instant, their sense of [30] honour and privilege in being members of Animal Farm. They were still the only farm in the whole county — in all England! — owned and operated by animals. (…)

* Squealer is the name of a pig.

George Orwell Animal Farm. Londres: Longman, 1945

Animal Farm opens with a clandestine meeting of the animals, motivated by Old Major’s dream.

The aim of this meeting is to pass on the following message:

45. El mejor título para el gráfico es: