Entrevista com Terezinha Guilhermina

Terezinha Guilhermina é uma das atletas mais premiadas da história paraolímpica do Brasil e um dos principais nomes do atletismo mundial. Está no Guinness Book de 2013/2014 como a “cega” mais rápida do mundo.

Observatório: Quais os desafios você teve que superar para se consagrar como atleta profissional?

Terezinha Guilhermina: Considero a ausência de recursos financeiros, nos três primeiros anos da minha carreira, como meu principal desafio. A falta de um atleta-guia, para me auxiliar nos treinamentos, me obrigava a treinar sozinha e, por não enxergar bem, acabava sofrendo alguns acidentes como trombadas e quedas.

Observatório: Como está a preparação para os Jogos Paraolímpicos de 2016?

Terezinha Guilhermina: Estou trabalhando intensamente, com vistas a chegar lá bem melhor do que estive em Londres. E, por isso, posso me dedicar a treinos diários, trabalhos preventivos de lesões e acompanhamento psicológico e nutricional da melhor qualidade.

Revista do Observatório Brasil de igualdade de Gênero, n. 6, dez. 2014 (adaptado).

O texto permite relacionar uma prática corporal com uma visão ampliada de saúde. O fator que possibilita identificar essa perspectiva é o(a):

(ESPM) Emerging economies 

The Great Deceleration

The emerging-market slowdown is not the beginning of a bust. But it is a turning-point for the world economy

WHEN a champion sprinter falls short of his best speeds, it takes a while to determine whether he is temporarily on poor form or has permanently lost his edge. The same is true with emerging markets, the world economy’s 21st-century sprinters. After a decade of surging growth, in which they led a global boom and then helped pull the world economy forwards in the face of the financial crisis, the emerging giants have slowed sharply.

China will be lucky if it manages to hit its official target of 7.5% growth in 2013, a far cry from the double-digit rates that the country had come to expect in the 2000s. Growth in India (around 5%), Brazil and Russia (around 2.5%) is barely half what it was at the height of the boom. Collectively, emerging markets may (just) match last year’s pace of 5%. That sounds fast compared with the sluggish rich world, but it is the slowest emerging-economy expansion in a decade, barring 2009 when the rich world slumped.

This marks the end of the dramatic first phase of the emerging-market era, which saw such economies jump from 38% of world output to 50% (measured at purchasing-power parity, or PPP) over the past decade. Over the next ten years emerging economies will still rise, but more gradually. The immediate effect of this deceleration should be manageable. But the longer-term impact on the world economy will be profound.

 Running out of puff

 In the past, periods of emerging-market boom have tended to be followed by busts (which helps explain why so few poor countries have become rich ones). A determined pessimist can find reasons to fret today, pointing in particular to the risks of an even more drastic deceleration in China or of a sudden global monetary tightening. But this time a broad emerging-market bust looks unlikely.

China is in the midst of a precarious shift from investment-led growth to a more balanced, consumption-based model. Its investment surge has prompted plenty of bad debt. But the central government has the fiscal strength both to absorb losses and to stimulate the economy if necessary. That is a luxury few emerging economies have ever had. It makes disaster much less likely. And with rich-world economies still feeble, there is little chance that monetary conditions will suddenly tighten. Even if they did, most emerging economies have better defences than ever before, with flexible exchange rates, large stashes of foreign-exchange reserves and relatively less debt (much of it in domestic currency).

That’s the good news. The bad news is that the days of record-breaking speed are over. China’s turbocharged investment and export model has run out of puff. Because its population is ageing fast, the country will have fewer workers, and because it is more prosperous, it has less room for catch-up growth. Ten years ago China’s per person GDP measured at PPP was 8% of America’s; now it is 18%. China will keep on catching up, but at a slower clip.

That will hold back other emerging giants. Russia’s burst of speed was propelled by a surge in energy prices driven by Chinese growth. Brazil sprinted ahead with the help of a boom in commodities and domestic credit; its current combination of stubborn inflation and slow growth shows that its underlying economic speed limit is a lot lower than most people thought. The same is true of India, where near-double-digit annual rises in GDP led politicians, and many investors, to confuse the potential for rapid catch-up (a young, poor population) with its inevitability. India’s growth rate could be pushed up again, but not without radical reforms—and almost certainly not to the peak pace of the 2000s.

Jul 27th 2013/www.economist.com

The pronoun they in the underlined sentence of the fifth paragraph of the text: “Even if they did, …” refers to  

Se uma minhoca for seccionada transversalmente, em duas partes de mesmo tamanho, cada uma das partes resultantes pode continuar a mover-se de forma independente.

Isso é possível devido ao funcionamento do(a):

(ENEM 2014 3º APLICAÇÃO) Sefarditas o la melancolía de ser judío español

El nombre de Sefarad, como es denominada Espafia en lengua hebrea, despierta en gentes de Estambul o de Nueva York, de Sofía o de Caracas, el vago recuerdo de una casa abandonada precipitadamente bajo la noche. Por eso muchas de estas gentes, descendientes de los judíos espaholes expulsados en 1492, conservan Ias viejas (laves de los hogares de sus antepasados en Espafia. Se ha escrito que jamás una nación ha tenido unos hijos tan fieles como ellos, que después de quinientos anos de exilio siguen Ilamándose "sefarditas" (espaholes) y mantienen celosamente el idioma "sefardita" y Ias costumbres de sus orígenes. En la cocina y en los lances de amor, en Ias fiestas y en Ias ceremonias religiosas, los sefarditas viven todavía la melancolía de ser espaholes.

CORRAL, P.; ALCALDE, J. Sefardíes o Ia melancolía de ser judío espafíol. Disponível em: http://sefaradilaculturasefardi.blogspot.com. Acesso em: 17 fev. 2012 (adaptado). 

Os sefarditas são descendentes dos judeus expulsos da Espanha em 1492. O autor do texto, ao vincular a melancolia à identidade dos sefarditas, destaca a