José tinha um verso do poeta morto tatuado na barriga, logo abaixo do umbigo. Um dia, a família viva do poeta morto viu José refestelando-se na areia da praia, com o tal verso bem à vista, logo acima da sunga amarela. Horrorizada com o acinte, a família o processou. Era um inequívoco oferecimento da obra ao conhecimento público — e num local de frequência coletiva. A família ganhou a causa e a tatuagem, que hoje está emoldurada na grande sala de estar, logo acima do sofá vermelho. 

STIGGER, V. Disponível em: http://culturaebarbarie.org. Acesso em: 28 jul. 2012 

No texto, o verso tatuado no corpo de José é reinvindicado pelos herdeiros do poeta, que não aceitam sua exposição pública. Nesse sentido, o texto tem como objetivo:

(UERJ) The Genre of Autobiography and Autofiction

Derived from three Greek words meaning “self”, “life” and “write”, autobiography is a style of writing that has been around nearly as long as history has been recorded. Yet, autobiography was not classified as a genre within itself until the late eighteenth century.

In his book, Inside out, E. Stuart Bates offers a functional definition of autobiography as “a narrative of the past of a person by the person concerned”. That definition, however, is too broad for some literary critics. Many, such as Philippe Lejeune, wish to define the genre more narrowly: “(a) retrospective prose narrative produced by a real person concerning his own existence, focusing on his individual life, in particular on the development of his personality”.

Despite disagreements concerning how inclusive the category of autobiography should be, there are characteristics that are common to the majority of autobiographical works. These features are the grammatical perspective of the work, the identity of the self, self-reflection and introspection.

Most autobiographies are written from the first person singular perspective. The author, the narrator and the protagonist must share a common identity for the work to be considered an autobiography. This common identity could be similar, but is not identical. The self that the author constructs becomes a character within the story that may not be a completely factual representation of the author’s actual past self.

In their book The voice within, Roger Porter and H. R. Wolf state that “truth is a highly subjective matter, and no autobiographer can represent exactly what happened back then, any more than a historian can definitively describe the real truth of the past”.

Because the author cannot describe events objectively, even the most accurate autobiographies have fictional elements. The blurring of fiction and truth characteristic of autobiography has even led to the creation of a subdivision within the genre of autobiography that deals with fictionalized self-accounts. For this style of writing that blends characteristics of both fiction and autobiography, Serge Doubrovsky coined the literary term “autofiction”.

The difference between traditional autobiography and the genre of autofiction is that autobiographers are attempting to depict their real life, while writers of autofiction are only basing their work upon real experiences. Writers of autofiction are not expected to be as historically accurate as possible as autobiographers are. According to Alex Hughes, authors of autofiction are saying “this is me and this is not me”. ¹This sums up autofiction. Autofiction draws from the life of the writer with the addition of fictional elements to make the work more than just a life story.

Autobiography is a popular genre. ²Writers of memoirs and life stories never lack an audience. People are interested in the actual lives of others and want to know about others’ pasts and feelings and desires. Autobiography is a way to organize the story of a life and reflect on the past in order to better understand the present.

hubpages.com

Writers of memoirs and life stories never lack an audience. People are interested in the actual lives of others (ref. 2)The semantic relationship between the two sentences above can be made explicit by the addition of following connective:

Leia o texto.   Jean Baptiste foi um artista francês que veio para o Brasil a convite do rei de Portugal Dom João VI. Ele era uma artista a serviço da corte portuguesa no Brasil. Porém, Debret interessou-se também em representar a vida das pessoas que viviam na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Ele saía às ruas e observava tudo atentamente, fazendo desenhos, esboços e anotações. Os seus desenhos, pinturas em tela e aquarela revelam aspectos característicos da sociedade brasileira daquela época.   Disponível em: <http://www.historianet.com.br/conteudo/default.aspx?codigo=688>. Acesso em: 30 nov. 2015.   Observe as imagens.   Com base nas informações das imagens, faça o que se pede.

a) Enumere os hábitos e costumes dos europeus que foram incorporados à cultura brasileira após a mudança da Corte Portuguesa para o Brasil.

b) Cite uma necessidade da sociedade, naquele período, em relação ao status social.



(ENEM 2009 1ªAPLICAÇÃO)  O quadro apresenta informações da área aproximada de cada bioma brasileiro.

É comum em conversas informais, ou mesmo em noticiários, o uso de múltiplos da área de um campo de futebol (com as medidas de 120 m x 90 m) para auxiliar a visualização de áreas consideradas extensas. Nesse caso, qual é o número de campos de futebol correspondente à área aproximada do bioma Pantanal?