O plenário do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) declarou improcedentes, em 12/11/2008, as ações diretas de inconstitucionalidade ajuizadas contra a resolução do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE) que disciplina o processo de perda de mandato eletivo por infidelidade partidária. Com a decisão, o STF declarou a plena constitucionalidade da resolução do TSE, até que o Congresso Nacional exerça a sua competência e regule o assunto em lei específica. A resolução do TSE decidiu que os mandatos obtidos, nas eleições, pelo sistema proporcional (deputados estaduais, federais e vereadores) pertencem aos partidos políticos ou às coligações, e não, aos candidatos eleitos.

Disponível em: http://www.stf.jus.br/portal/cms/verNoticiaDetalhe.asp?idConteudo=90556&caixaBusca=N (adaptado).

Com essa decisão, o STF provocou importante mudança nas regras do jogo político nacional, visto que

(UNESP) Oxfam study finds richest 1 percent is likely to control half of global wealth by 2016

By Patricia Cohen

January 19, 2015

The richest 1 percent is likely to control more than half of the globe’s total wealth by next year, the anti-poverty charity Oxfam reported in a study released on Monday. The warning about deepening global inequality comes just as the world’s business elite prepare to meet this week at the annual World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland.

The 80 wealthiest people in the world altogether own  the report found, nearly the same amount shared by the  people who occupy the bottom half of the world’s income scale. (Last year, it took 85 billionaires to equal that figure.) And the richest 1 percent of the population controls nearly half of the world’s total wealth, a share that is also increasing.

The type of inequality that currently characterizes the world’s economies is unlike anything seen in recent years, the report explained. “Between 2002 and 2010 the total wealth of the poorest half of the world in current U.S. dollars had been increasing more or less at the same rate as that of billionaires,” it said. “However since 2010, it has been decreasing over that time.”

Winnie Byanyima, the charity’s executive director, noted in a statement that more than a billion people lived on less than  a day. “Do we really want to live in a world where the 1 percent own more than the rest of us combined?” Ms. Byanyima said. “The scale of global inequality is quite simply staggering.”

Investors with interests in finance, insurance and health saw the biggest windfalls, Oxfam said. Using data from Forbes magazine’s list of billionaires, it said those listed as having interests in the pharmaceutical and health care industries saw their net worth jump by 47 percent. The charity credited those individuals’ rapidly growing fortunes in part to multimillion-dollar lobbying campaigns to protect and enhance their interests.

(www.nytimes.com. Adaptado.)

No trecho do terceiro parágrafo “However since 2010, it has been decreasing over that time.”, o termo “however” pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido, por 

(PUC-RS) Analise o mapa e o texto que seguem. 

Nas últimas décadas, o Brasil transformou-se em um dos maiores produtores e fornecedores de alimentos e fibras para o mundo. A retirada da cobertura vegetal natural está entre os fatores que evidenciam o aumento da produção e da participação do país no mercado mundial. A cultura da soja, por exemplo, é a principal responsável pela retirada da cobertura vegetal natural para uso agrícola. 

Em relação a esse contexto, o bioma identificado pelo número __________ corresponde __________, área mais afetada pela retirada de cobertura vegetal natural para a produção de soja.

O romance Animal Farm (“A revolução dos bichos”), de George Orwell, se passa numa fazenda onde animais, liderados pelo porco Old Major, decidem fazer uma revolução. São apresentados abaixo dois trechos do romance: o primeiro, de sua parte inicial, quando a fazenda ainda é administrada por Mr. Jones; o segundo, de sua parte final, quando passa a ser controlada pelos animais.

PART 1

Word had gone round during the day that Old Major (…) had had a strange dream on the previous

night and wished to communicate it to the other animals. It had been agreed that they should all

meet in the big barn as soon as Mr. Jones was safely out of the way.

(…) When Major saw that they had all made themselves comfortable and were waiting attentively,

[5] he cleared his throat and began: “Now comrades, what is the nature of this life of ours? Let us face

it: our lives are miserable, laborious, and short. (…) Why then do we continue in this miserable

condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human

beings. There, comrades, is the answer to all our problems. It is summed up in a single word: Man.

Man is the only real enemy we have. Remove Man from the scene, and the root cause of hunger and

[10] overwork is abolished forever. Man is the only creature that consumes without producing. He does

not give milk, he does not lay eggs (…), yet he is lord of all the animals. (…) Is it not crystal clear,

then, comrades, that all the evils of this life of ours spring from the tyranny of human beings? Only

get rid of Man, and the produce of our labour would be our own. (…) That is my message to you,

comrades: Rebellion!”

PART 2

[15] Years passed. The seasons came and went, the short animal lives fled by. A time came when there

was no one who remembered the old days before the Rebellion (...).

Somehow it seemed as though the farm had grown richer without making the animals themselves

any richer − except, of course, for the pigs and the dogs. (...) It was not that these creatures did

not work, after their fashion. There was, as Squealer* was never tired of explaining, endless work

[20] in the supervision and organization of the farm. Much of this work was of a kind that the other

animals were too ignorant to understand. For example, Squealer told them that the pigs had to

expend enormous labours every day upon mysterious things called “files”, “reports”, “minutes” and

“memoranda”. These were large sheets of paper which had to be closely covered with writing, and

as soon as they were so covered, they were burnt in the furnace. This was of the highest importance

[25] for the welfare of the farm, Squealer said. But still, neither pigs nor dogs produced any food by their

own labour; and there were very many of them, and their appetites were always good. As for the

others, their life, so far as they knew, was as it had always been. They were generally hungry, they

slept on straw, they drank from the pool, they laboured in the fields. (…)

And yet the animals never gave up hope. More, they never lost, even for an instant, their sense of

[30] honour and privilege in being members of Animal Farm. They were still the only farm in the whole

county — in all England! — owned and operated by animals. (…)

* Squealer is the name of a pig.

George Orwell Animal Farm. Londres: Longman, 1945

The two parts of the story teach a lesson, which may be summarized in the sentence below: