O romance Animal Farm (“A revolução dos bichos”), de George Orwell, se passa numa fazenda onde animais, liderados pelo porco Old Major, decidem fazer uma revolução. São apresentados abaixo dois trechos do romance: o primeiro, de sua parte inicial, quando a fazenda ainda é administrada por Mr. Jones; o segundo, de sua parte final, quando passa a ser controlada pelos animais.

PART 1

Word had gone round during the day that Old Major (…) had had a strange dream on the previous

night and wished to communicate it to the other animals. It had been agreed that they should all

meet in the big barn as soon as Mr. Jones was safely out of the way.

(…) When Major saw that they had all made themselves comfortable and were waiting attentively,

[5] he cleared his throat and began: “Now comrades, what is the nature of this life of ours? Let us face

it: our lives are miserable, laborious, and short. (…) Why then do we continue in this miserable

condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human

beings. There, comrades, is the answer to all our problems. It is summed up in a single word: Man.

Man is the only real enemy we have. Remove Man from the scene, and the root cause of hunger and

[10] overwork is abolished forever. Man is the only creature that consumes without producing. He does

not give milk, he does not lay eggs (…), yet he is lord of all the animals. (…) Is it not crystal clear,

then, comrades, that all the evils of this life of ours spring from the tyranny of human beings? Only

get rid of Man, and the produce of our labour would be our own. (…) That is my message to you,

comrades: Rebellion!”

PART 2

[15] Years passed. The seasons came and went, the short animal lives fled by. A time came when there

was no one who remembered the old days before the Rebellion (...).

Somehow it seemed as though the farm had grown richer without making the animals themselves

any richer − except, of course, for the pigs and the dogs. (...) It was not that these creatures did

not work, after their fashion. There was, as Squealer* was never tired of explaining, endless work

[20] in the supervision and organization of the farm. Much of this work was of a kind that the other

animals were too ignorant to understand. For example, Squealer told them that the pigs had to

expend enormous labours every day upon mysterious things called “files”, “reports”, “minutes” and

“memoranda”. These were large sheets of paper which had to be closely covered with writing, and

as soon as they were so covered, they were burnt in the furnace. This was of the highest importance

[25] for the welfare of the farm, Squealer said. But still, neither pigs nor dogs produced any food by their

own labour; and there were very many of them, and their appetites were always good. As for the

others, their life, so far as they knew, was as it had always been. They were generally hungry, they

slept on straw, they drank from the pool, they laboured in the fields. (…)

And yet the animals never gave up hope. More, they never lost, even for an instant, their sense of

[30] honour and privilege in being members of Animal Farm. They were still the only farm in the whole

county — in all England! — owned and operated by animals. (…)

* Squealer is the name of a pig.

George Orwell Animal Farm. Londres: Longman, 1945

The two parts of the story teach a lesson, which may be summarized in the sentence below:

(ENEM 2014 3º APLICAÇÃO)

O gelo marinho no Ártico está em sua segunda menor extensão já registrada: 5,56 milhões de km². Essa medida foi feita com o auxílio de satélites no dia 14 de agosto de 2011 e é apenas 220 mil km² maior do que a baixa recorde de 2007

ANGELO, C. Volume de gelo no Ártico nunca foi tão baixo. Disponível em: www1.folha.uol.com.br.Acesso em: 08 nov. 2011 

De acordo com esses dados, a menor extensão territorial do gelo marinho registrada no Ártico em 2007, em metros quadrados, foi

Texto base: Ao comprar um tênis para corrida, as pessoas devem preferir aqueles que têm amortecedores, como os indicados pela seta.  

A função dos amortecedores dos tênis é semelhante à função:

 Leia o texto:

[...] A diferença estrutural que distingue o novo imperialismo do antigo é a substituição de uma economia em que muitas empresas competem por outra e que um punhado de empresas gigantescas competem em cada setor industrial. Ademais, durante esse período, o avanço das tecnologias de transporte e comunicação e o desafio que as nações industriais mais novas (como a Alemanha) lançam à Inglaterra trouxeram duas características adicionais ao palco imperialista: a intensificação da luta competitiva na arena mundial e a maturação de um sistema capitalista verdadeiramente internacional. Sob tais circunstâncias, a competição entre grupos de empresas gigantescas e seus governos ocorre em todo o globo: nos mercados das nações adiantadas, bem como nos de nações semi ou não industrializadas.

MÉSZÁROS, István. O desafio e o fardo do tempo histórico: o socialismo no século XXI. São Paulo: Boitempo Editorial, 2015.

Entre os fatores que levaram ao início da Primeira Guerra Mundial, estava a: