(PUC-RIO) India’s Leading Export: CEOs

²What on earth did the Banga brothers’ mother feed them for breakfast? ³Whatever it was, it worked: Vindi Banga grew up to become a top executive at the food and personal-care giant Unilever, then a partner at the private-equity firm Clayton, Dubilier & Rice. His younger brother Ajay, ⁴after heading Citigroup’s Asian operations, was last year named CEO of MasterCard – all without a degree from a Western business school and without abandoning his Sikh turban. When Ajay took over at the credit-card company’s suburban – New York City headquarters, the Times of India crowed that he was the first “entirely India-minted executive” at a multinational’s helm.

The brothers laugh when asked for their mother’s breakfast menu, deflecting suggestions that they were raised by a Bengal-tiger mom. Instead, they cite an itinerant childhood as a key ingredient in their success. The sons of a lieutenant general in the Indian army, they moved to a new posting every couple of years – ⁵perfect training, it turns out, for global executives facing new markets and uncertain conditions. “You had to adapt to new friends, new places,” recalls Vindi. ¹“You had to create your ecosystem wherever you went.”

What factors account for the rise and rise of India-trained business minds? “Our colleagues in our Asian offices are asking the same question,” laughs Jill Ader, head of CEO succession at the executivesearch firm Egon Zehnder International. ⁷“Their clients in China and Southeast Asia are saying, ‘How come it’s the Indians getting all the top jobs?’” It could be because today’s generation of Indian managers grew up in a country that provided them with the experience so critical for today’s global boss. ⁶Multiculturalism? Check. Complex competitive environment? Check. Resource-constrained developing economy? You got that right. ⁸And they grew up speaking English, the global business language.

For multinationals, it makes good sense to have leaders experienced in working with expanding Asian markets. ⁹And India is already the location of many of their operations. “India and China are also the countries of future profits for the multinationals, so they may want their global leaders to come out of them”, says Anshuman Das, a co-founder of CareerNet, a Bangalore executive-search company.

Competitive and complex, India has evolved from a poorly run, centrally controlled economy into the perfect petri dish in which to grow a 21^st century CEO. “The Indians are the friendly and familiar faces of Asia,” says Ader. “They think in English, they’re used to multinationals in their country, they’re very adaptive, and they’re supremely confident.” The subcontinent has been global for centuries, having endured, and absorbed, waves of foreign colonizers, from the Mughals to the British. Practiced traders and migrants, Indians have impressive transnational networks. “The earth is full of Indians,” wrote Salman Rushdie. “We get everywhere.” Unlike, say, a Swede or a German, an Indian executive is raised in a multiethnic, multifaith, multilingual society, one nearly as diverse as the modern global marketplace.

¹⁰Unlike Americans, they’re well versed in negotiating India’s byzantine bureaucracy, a key skill to have in emerging markets. And unlike the Chinese, they can handle the messiness of a litigious democracy. “In China, you want something done, you talk to a bureaucrat and a politician – it gets done,” observes Ajay. “In India, if you talk to a bureaucrat or a politician, there are going to be 600 other people with their own points of view.” There’s an old saw about Asian business cultures: “The Chinese roll out the red carpet; Indians roll out the red tape.”

Maybe that’s why Indian managers are good at managing it. ¹²They have cut their teeth in a country ranked 134^th by the World Bank for ease of doing business. To be fair, it’s also the reason some of them left home.

India’s economic liberalization, which began in 1991, was another blessing for this generation of executives. ¹¹It gave them exposure to a young and fast-growing consumer market. “Liberalization unleashed a level of competition that makes you stand on your toes,” recalls Vindi. “We had to learn to compete with international players but also with very good, extremely fast local ones.” In 1987, the company’s leading detergent, Surf, faced off against Nirma, a locally produced brand. “It didn’t cost 5% less, or 10% less,” says Vindi, shaking his head. “It cost a third of our product. We had to make a product that was better, for the same price.” Within 12 months, they had.

By Carla Power

Adapted from Time Magazine – August 01, 2011. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2084441,00.html. Retrieved on August 5, 2011. 

Check the CORRECT statement concerning reference

 Uma escola lançou uma campanha para seus alunos arrecadarem, durante 30 dias, alimentos não perecíveis para doar a uma comunidade carente da região. Vinte alunos aceitaram a tarefa e nos primeiros 10 dias trabalharam 3 horas diárias, arrecadando 12 kg de alimentos por dia. Animados com os resultados, 30 novos alunos somaram-se ao grupo, e passaram a trabalhar 4 horas por dia nos dias seguintes até o término da campanha.

Admitindo-se que o ritmo de coleta tenha se mantido constante, a quantidade de alimentos arrecadados ao final do prazo estipulado seria de:

(UECE) Assinale a afirmativa CORRETA.

Considerando la viñeta de arriba, señale la opción correcta.

(UDESC) O fígado, ao sofrer alguma lesão, apresenta uma regeneração geralmente bem organizada, exibindo um arranjo típico e sua função normalizada. No entanto, quando os hepatócitos são repetidamente agredidos durante um longo período, ocorre a formação de nódulos compostos por uma massa central de hepatócitos em arranjo desordenado, circundada por grande quantidade de tecido conjuntivo denso. Essa desorganização, denominada cirrose, é um processo progressivo e irreversível, levando à falência do órgão e, frequentemente, ao óbito.

A cirrose pode ocorrer como consequência básica de injúrias progressivas e duradouras aos hepatócitos, produzidas por agentes variados como etanol, drogas, agentes químicos, hepatite viral, doença hepática autoimune e alguns parasitas intestinais como o Schistosoma mansoni.

JUNQUEIRA, Luiz C.; CARNEIRO, José. Histologia Básica. 11a ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara, 2008 p. 335. [adaptado]

Assinale a alternativa que corresponde à organela citoplasmática de um hepatócito responsável pela desintoxicação do etanol e de outras drogas.