(UNIT) Radionuclídeo, a exemplo do gálio,   ,  meia-vida de três dias, são utilizados em Medicina Nuclear no tratamento de tumores linfáticos. No campo da medicina, muitos radionuclídeos possuem importantes aplicações no diagnóstico de doenças. Uma vez introduzidos no corpo, as emissões de radioisótopos podem ser detectadas por sensores apropriados, o que fornece valiosas informações sobre o funcionamento do organismo.

Tendo em vista as informações do texto e os conhecimentos sobre radioatividade, é correto afirmar:

TEXTO I

Poema de sete faces

Mundo mundo vasto mundo,

Se eu me chamasse Raimundo

seria uma rima, não seria uma solução.

Mundo mundo vasto mundo,

mais vasto é meu coração.

ANDRADE, C. D. Antologia poética. Rio de Janeiro: Record, 2001 (fragmento).

TEXTO II

CDA (imitado)

Ó vida, triste vida!

FONTELA, O. Poesia reunida. São Paulo: Cosac Naify; Rio de Janeiro: 7Letras, 2006.

Orides Fontela intitula seu poema CDA, sigla de Carlos Drummond de Andrade, e entre parênteses indica “imitado” porque, como nos versos de Drummond:

(PUC-RIO) Driverless automobiles - The car that parks itself

CARS that need no driver are just around the corner according to researchers who have been testing vehicles bristling with aerials and cameras on public roads in America. However, researchers do not make cars, so it will be up to firms that do to bring the technology to market. And carmakers are a conservative bunch. Still, slowly and steadily the autonomous car will arrive, with the help of an increasing number of automated driving aids. A Swedish carmaker has recently demonstrated one such feature: a car that really does park itself.

Some cars already have systems that assist with parking, but these are not completely autonomous. They can identify an empty parallel-parking space and steer into it while the driver uses the brake. The Swedish system, however, lets the driver get out and use a smartphone application to instruct the vehicle to park. The car then ¹trundles off, manoeuvres into a parking place and sends a message to the driver to inform him where it is. The driver can collect the car in person or use his phone to call it back to where he dropped it off. Autonomous parking could thus be provided at places like shopping centers and airports, which are controlled areas in which automated vehicles can be managed more easily than on open highways.  In the past, designs for doing this have relied on car parks being fitted with buried guide wires that a vehicle can follow to an empty bay. That, though, creates ²a chicken-and-egg problem: car-park operators will not invest in such infrastructure until there is a sufficient number of suitably equipped cars on the road. Drivers, conversely, will not want to buy self-parking cars if there is nowhere to use them.

This means, as a safety engineer working on the project observes, that for autonomous parking to work most of the technology will have to be in the car itself. The test car, which looks like a normal car, therefore uses on-board GPS mapping, cameras with image-recognition software, and radar sensors to find its own way around a car park and avoid pedestrians and non-autonomous vehicles. The same engineer says the system is five to ten years from commercial deployment. If it proves a success then infrastructure might adapt to it, for instance by packing cars into tighter spaces. If there is no one in them there is no need to make room for their doors to open.

Driverless cars would also need to communicate with one another, to enhance safety. That, too, is coming. ³A number of carmakers are developing wireless networking systems through which vehicles can exchange data, such as their speed, their steering angle and even their weight, to forewarn anti-collision systems and safety devices if an accident looks likely.

In the USA, for example, a carmaker recently tested a brake light that can provide an early warning to other motorists. If the brakes are applied hard in an emergency, a signal is broadcast. This illuminates a warning light in the dashboard of suitably equipped following vehicles, even if they are out of sight around a bend or not immediately behind the vehicle doing the braking.

The American company has been testing this system as part of a collaborative research project with several European carmakers. ⁴They have put a fleet of 150 experimental vehicles on the roads. When they tested a group of these, the Americans found the technology let drivers brake much earlier, helping avoid collisions. A driverless car would be able to react even faster.

Another member of the research group has been testing driverless cars on roads around Munich— including belting down some of Germany’s high-speed autobahns. ⁵The ordinary-looking models use a variety of self-contained guidance systems. These include cameras mounted on the upper windscreen, which can identify road markings, signs and various obstacles likely to be encountered on roads.

The German cars also use a radar, to gauge how far the vehicle is from other cars and potential obstacles, and a lidar, which works like a radar but at optical frequencies. The lidar employs laser beams to scan the road ahead and builds up from the reflections a three-dimensional image of what this looks like. The image is processed by a computer in the vehicle, which also collects and compares data from a high-accuracy GPS unit. A series of ultrasonic sonars similar to those used in vehicles to provide parking assistance are placed around the car to add to the virtual picture. And just to make sure, a set of accelerometers provide an inertial navigation system that double-checks the vehicle’s position on the road.

⁶Although these cars can be switched to an autonomous driving mode, they are still required to have someone in the driving seat who can take over in the event of any difficulty. Some cars can steer themselves, slow down, brake and accelerate, even changing lanes to overtake slower vehicles.From the print edition: Science and Technology Jun 29^th 2013 

The author uses the phrasal verb “trundles off” (ref. 1) that could be replaced by:

MATERIAIS

- Papel canson  formato  A 4

- Tubinhos para bolinha de sabão

- Corante alimentício

– cores variadas

      PROCEDIMENTOS

- Esta atividade poderá ser feita em grupo de até 06 crianças.

- Entregar a folha A4 e os tubinhos  de sabão para cada criança. - Distribuir os corantes alimentícios para cada grupo.

- O professor deverá apresentar os materiais e prepará-los junto com as crianças, permitindo que elas participem de todo o  processo , pingando o corante e misturando com o sabão.

- Cada criança deverá escolher uma cor para ser pingado no tubinho. O professor deverá   auxiliá-los, neste momento.   Fonte: Acervo institucional NDI – Giseli Day/2013 - Explicar para as crianças que elas deverão fazer bolinhas de sabão coloridas, e estourarem na  folha de papel.  O professor deverá auxiliar as crianças neste momento.   Fonte: Acervo institucional NDI – Giseli Day/2013 - Incentivar as crianças a trocarem os tubinhos de sabão umas com as outras para que possam  ter uma variedade maior de cores nos seus trabalhos. - Durante a atividade, o professor poderá fazer perguntas para que as crianças percebam detalhes das suas produções: onde a folha ainda não foi pintada? Como a marca da bolinha   de sabão fica se assoprarmos de perto? E de longe? Que cores foram usadas? Etc.     DICA: A bolinha precisa de certa distância para deixar sua marca arredondada. Quando a criança faz muito próxima a folha o resultado fica respingado, o que também oferece        um efeito interessante. - Se o professor não quiser utilizar o líquido que já vem nos tubinhos de bolinhas de sabão, ele   poderá utilizar a receita abaixo  : - 01 parte de detergente ou sabão líquido para   01 parte de água. - Depois de ter terminado a atividade, o professor deverá  emoldurar as pinturas e fazer uma exposição  dos trabalhos. ^{Fonte:http://portaldoprofessor.mec.gov.br/fichaTecnicaAula.html?aula=51991}

A cera de abelha, que era descartada após a coleta do mel, foi transformada em uma película protetora para conservação de frutas por estudantes do interior do Rio Grande do Norte. A ideia surgiu quando um dos estudantes leu sobre os egípcios, que utilizavam cera de abelha para conservar os corpos dos faraós durante o processo de mumificação.

(Juliana Bardi et al. Ciências naturais: biologia, 2014. Adaptado.)

A cera que conserva o material biológico, preservando-o da decomposição, pertence ao grupo