(ENEM 2014 2ª APLICAÇÃO) Hipertextualidade
O papel do hipertexto é exatamente o de reunir, não apenas os textos, mas também as redes de associações, anotações e comentários às quais eles são vinculados pelas pessoas. Ao mesmo tempo, a construção do senso comum encontra-se exposta e como que materializada: a elaboração coletiva de um hipertexto.
Trabalhar, viver, conversar fraternalmente com outros seres, cruzar um pouco por sua história, isto significa, entre outras coisas, construir uma bagagem de referências e associações comuns, uma rede hipertextual unificada, um texto compartilhado, capaz de diminuir os riscos de incompreensão.
LEVY, P. As tecnologias da inteligência: o futuro do pensamento na era da informática. São Paulo: Editora 34, 1992 (adaptado).
O texto evidencia uma relação entre o hipertexto e a sociedade em que essa tecnologia se insere. Constata-se que, nessa relação, há uma:
Questões relacionadas
- Língua Inglesa | 1.4 Reading Strategies
JUST 10 YEARS INTO A NEW CENTURY, MORE THAN TWO-thirds of the country sees the past decade as a period of decline for the U.S., according to a new TIME/Aspen Ideas Festival poll that probed Americans on the decade since the tragic events of Sept. 11, 2001. Osama Bin Laden is dead and al-Qaeda seriously weakened, but the impact of the 9/11 attacks and the decisions that followed have, in the view of most Americans, put the U.S. in a tailspin that the country has been unable to shake during two administrations and almost 10 years of trying.
ACCORDING TO THE POLL, ONLY 6% OF MORE THAN 2,000 Americans believe the country has completely recovered from the events of 9/11. Some of this pessimism can be tied to fears of more terrorist attacks. Despite the death of bin Laden, most Americans think another terrorist attack in the U.S. is likely.
Time, July 11, 2011. Adaptado.
(FUVEST 2012 1ª FASE) Com base nos gráficos que acompanham o texto, é correto afirmar que, para o norte-americanos,
- Biologia | 02. Origem da Vida
Na antiguidade, alguns cientistas e pensadores famosos tinham um conceito curioso sobre a origem da vida e em alguns casos existiam até receitas para reproduzir esse processo. Os experimentos de Pasteur foram importantes para a mudança dos conceitos e hipóteses alternativas para o surgimento da vida. Evidências sobre a origem da vida sugerem que:
- Matemática | 09. Probabilidade
( ENEM 2009 CANCELADA ) Em um concurso realizado em uma lanchonete, apresentavam-se ao consumidor quatro cartas voltadas para baixo, em ordem aleatória, diferenciadas pelos algarismos 0, 1, 2 e 5. O consumidor selecionava uma nova ordem ainda com as cartas voltadas para baixo. Ao desvirá-las, verificava-se quais delas continham o algarismo na posição correta dos algarismos do número 12,50 que era o valor, em reais, do trio-promoção. Para cada algarismo na posição acertada, ganhava-se R$ 1,00 de desconto. Por exemplo, se a segunda carta da sequência escolhida pelo consumidor fosse 2 e a terceira fosse 5, ele ganharia R$ 2,00 de desconto.
Qual é a probabilidade de um consumidor não ganhar qualquer desconto?
- Biologia
A figura mostra o encontro de duas células, um espermatozoide e um ovócito humano, momentos antes da fecundação.
Considerando as divisões celulares que deram origem a essas células, é correto afirmar que o sexo da criança que será gerada foi definido na:
- Língua Inglesa | 2.04 Voz Passiva
(AFA) THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FRIENDS AND TYPES OF FRIENDSHIP
Everyone has at least one best friend, some maybe even more. There are also those people who are just friends and also arch-enemies. People may think that just because they are your friends it means that they are your best friend. The thing is, even though they are your friend, the relationship between a best friend and a friend is different. Either way regardless of archenemies, friends or best friends, there are not many ways to compare any of these different types of friends, but you can easily contrast them from one another.
Arch-enemies often know more about each other than two friends. In a comparison of personal relationships, 1friendship is considered to be closer than association, although a wide range of degrees of intimacy exists in friendships, arch-enemies, and associations. Friendship and association can be thought of as spanning across the same continuum. 2The study of friendship is included in the fields of sociology, social psychology, anthropology, philosophy, and zoology. Even animals have familiars! Various academic theories of friendship have been proposed, among which are social exchange theory, equity theory, relational dialectics, and attachment styles. 3In Russia, one typically bestows very few people the status of “friend”.
These friendships, however, make up in intensity what they lack in number. Friends are entitled to call each other by their first names alone, and to use diminutives. A customary example of polite behavior is addressing "acquaintances" by full first name plus their patronymic. These could include relationships which elsewhere would be qualified as real friendships, such as workplace relationships of long standing, or neighbors with whom one shares an occasional meal or a social drink with.
Also in the Middle East and Central Asia, male friendships, while less restricted than in Russia, tend to be reserved and respectable in nature. They may use nicknames and diminutive forms of their first names. In countries like India, it is believed in some parts that friendship is a form of respect, not born out of fear or superiority. Friends are people who are equal in most standards, but still respect each other regardless of their attributes or shortcomings. Most of the countries previously mentioned (Russia, Asia, and even the Middle East) and even our own nation are suffering a decline in genuine friendships.
According to a study documented in the June 2006 issue of the Journal American Sociological Review, Americans are thought to be suffering a loss in the quality and quantity of close friendships since at least 1985. The study’s results state that twenty-five percent of 4Americans have no close confidants, and the average total number of confidants per citizen has dropped from four to two. According to the study, 5Americans' dependence on family as a safety net went up from fifty-seven percent to eighty percent; Americans dependence on a partner or spouse went up from five percent to nine percent.
Recent studies have found a link between fewer friendships, especially in quality, and psychological and physiological regression. In the sequence of the emotional development of the individual, friendships come after parental bonding and before the pair bonding engaged in at the approach of maturity. In the intervening period between the end of early childhood and the onset of full adulthood, friendships are often the most important relationships in the emotional life of the adolescent, and are often more intense than relationships experienced later in life.
6Unfortunately, making friends seems to trouble many of people. Having no friends can be emotionally damaging for all ages, from young children to full grown adults. A study performed by researchers from Purdue University found that post-secondary-education friendships, college and university last longer than the friendships before it. Children with Asperger syndrome and autism usually have some difficulty forming friendships. 7Socially crippling conditions like these are just one way that the social world is so difficult to thrive in. 8This does not mean that they are not able to form friendships, however. With time, moderation and proper instruction, they are able to form friendships after realizing their own strengths and weaknesses.
9There is a number of theories that attempt to explain the link, including that; Good friends encourage their friends to lead more healthy lifestyles; 10Good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services, when needed; 11Good friends enhance their friend’s 12coping skills in dealing with illness and other health problems; and/or Good friends actually affect physiological pathways that are protective of health. Regardless of what we think, we can clearly see that there are some ways that friends, best friends and archenemies are the same, but in the end they are clearly more different. 13Nonetheless we all have every single type in our lives.
Adapted from: http://www.ukessays.com/essays/philosophy/therelationship- between-friends-and-types-of-friendship-philosophyessay. php
Choose the best option to complete the active form of the sentence: “The study of friendship is included in the fields of sociology, social psychology, anthropology, philosophy, and zoology” (reference 2).
The fields of sociology, social psychology, anthropology, philosophy, and zoology __________ the study of friendship.