Analise a imagem do jornal publicado em 16 de novembro de 1889 e leia o texto a seguir.

Disponível em: <http://www.gazetadenovo.com/?edicao=5/8/2010>. Acesso em: 16 out. 2012.

"Aristides Lobo, escrevendo no "Diário Popular" de São Paulo três dias após a Proclamação da República, […] Descrevendo os eventos do dia 15, no Rio de Janeiro, disse: "O povo assistiu àquilo bestializado". […] E naquele tempo, como agora, o selo do "deu no ‘New York Times’" parecia valer, pois o correspondente do jornal comentava no dia 16 de dezembro de 1889 a falta de empolgação com o evento histórico: ” [...] não houve demonstração de esfuziante alegria. O povo, como de hábito, mostrava-se um tanto constrangido, parecia e agia de uma forma apática e aturdida”.

Disponível em <http://www.sescsp.org.br/sesc/revistas_sesc/pb/artigo.cfm?Edicao_Id=339&breadcrumb=1&Artigo_ID=5295&IDCategoria=6068&reftype=1>. Acesso em: 16 out. 2012.

A Proclamação da República, ocorrida em 15 de novembro de 1889,



Os refugiados são pessoas que escaparam de conflitos armados ou perseguições. Com frequência, cruzam fronteiras internacionais para buscar segurança nos países mais próximos e então se tornarem refugiados reconhecidos internacionalmente, com acesso à assistência dos Estados, do ACNUR e de outras organizações. [...] Os migrantes escolhem se deslocar não por causa de uma ameaça direta de perseguição ou morte, mas principalmente para melhorar sua vida ou por outras razões. À diferença dos refugiados, que não podem voltar ao seu país, os migrantes continuam recebendo a proteção do seu governo.

^{EDWARDS, Adrian. Refugiado ou migrante? O ACNUR incentiva a usar o termo correto.}

A diferenciação entre os termos, apresentada anteriormente, leva à percepção de que cresceu o índice de refugiados saindo do(a)

Em algumas regiões brasileiras, é comum se encontrar um animal com odor característico, o zorrilho. Esse odor serve para a proteção desse animal,afastando seus predadores. Um dos feromônios responsáveis por esse odor é uma substância que apresenta isomeria trans e um grupo tiol ligado à sua cadeia. A estrutura desse feromônio,que ajuda na proteção do zorrilho,é

(PUC-RJ) TEXTO: Driverless automobiles - The car that parks itself

CARS that need no driver are just around the corner according to researchers who have been testing vehicles bristling with aerials and cameras on public roads in America. However, researchers do not make cars, so it will be up to firms that do to bring the technology to market. And carmakers are a conservative bunch. Still, slowly and steadily the autonomous car will arrive, with the help of an increasing number of automated driving aids. A Swedish carmaker has recently demonstrated one such feature: a car that really does park itself.

Some cars already have systems that assist with parking, but these are not completely autonomous. They can identify an empty parallel-parking space and steer into it while the driver uses the brake. The Swedish system, however, lets the driver get out and use a smartphone application to instruct the vehicle to park. The car then ¹trundles off, manoeuvres into a parking place and sends a message to the driver to inform him where it is. The driver can collect the car in person or use his phone to call it back to where he dropped it off. Autonomous parking could thus be provided at places like shopping centers and airports, which are controlled areas in which automated vehicles can be managed more easily than on open highways.  In the past, designs for doing this have relied on car parks being fitted with buried guide wires that a vehicle can follow to an empty bay. That, though, creates ²a chicken-and-egg problem: car-park operators will not invest in such infrastructure until there is a sufficient number of suitably equipped cars on the road. Drivers, conversely, will not want to buy self-parking cars if there is nowhere to use them.

This means, as a safety engineer working on the project observes, that for autonomous parking to work most of the technology will have to be in the car itself. The test car, which looks like a normal car, therefore uses on-board GPS mapping, cameras with image-recognition software, and radar sensors to find its own way around a car park and avoid pedestrians and non-autonomous vehicles. The same engineer says the system is five to ten years from commercial deployment. If it proves a success then infrastructure might adapt to it, for instance by packing cars into tighter spaces. If there is no one in them there is no need to make room for their doors to open.

Driverless cars would also need to communicate with one another, to enhance safety. That, too, is coming. ³A number of carmakers are developing wireless networking systems through which vehicles can exchange data, such as their speed, their steering angle and even their weight, to forewarn anti-collision systems and safety devices if an accident looks likely.

In the USA, for example, a carmaker recently tested a brake light that can provide an early warning to other motorists. If the brakes are applied hard in an emergency, a signal is broadcast. This illuminates a warning light in the dashboard of suitably equipped following vehicles, even if they are out of sight around a bend or not immediately behind the vehicle doing the braking.

The American company has been testing this system as part of a collaborative research project with several European carmakers. ⁴They have put a fleet of 150 experimental vehicles on the roads. When they tested a group of these, the Americans found the technology let drivers brake much earlier, helping avoid collisions. A driverless car would be able to react even faster.

Another member of the research group has been testing driverless cars on roads around Munich— including belting down some of Germany’s high-speed autobahns. ⁵The ordinary-looking models use a variety of self-contained guidance systems. These include cameras mounted on the upper windscreen, which can identify road markings, signs and various obstacles likely to be encountered on roads.

The German cars also use a radar, to gauge how far the vehicle is from other cars and potential obstacles, and a lidar, which works like a radar but at optical frequencies. The lidar employs laser beams to scan the road ahead and builds up from the reflections a three-dimensional image of what this looks like. The image is processed by a computer in the vehicle, which also collects and compares data from a high-accuracy GPS unit. A series of ultrasonic sonars similar to those used in vehicles to provide parking assistance are placed around the car to add to the virtual picture. And just to make sure, a set of accelerometers provide an inertial navigation system that double-checks the vehicle’s position on the road.

⁶Although these cars can be switched to an autonomous driving mode, they are still required to have someone in the driving seat who can take over in the event of any difficulty. Some cars can steer themselves, slow down, brake and accelerate, even changing lanes to overtake slower vehicles.

From the print edition: Science and Technology Jun 29^th 2013

The word “Although” (ref. 6) introduces 

TEXTO I

Estratos

Na passagem de uma língua para outra, algo sempre permanece, mesmo que não haja ninguém para se lembrar desse algo. Pois um idioma retém em si mais memórias que os seus falantes e, como uma chapa mineral marcada por camadas de uma história mais antiga do que aquela dos seres viventes, inevitavelmente carrega em si a impressão das eras pelas quais passou. Se as “línguas são arquivos da história”, elas carecem de livros de registro e catálagos. Aquilo que contêm pode apenas ser consultado em parte, fornecendo ao pesquisador menos os elementos de uma biografia do que um estudo geológico de uma sedimentação realizada em um período sem começo ou sem fim definido.

HELLER-ROAZEN, D. Ecolalias: sobre o esquecimento das línguas. Campinas: Unicamp, 2010.

TEXTO II

Na reflexão gramatical dos séculos XVI e XVII, a influência árabe aparece pontualmente, e se reveste sobretudo de item bélico fundamental na atribuição de rudeza aos idiomas português e castelhano por seus respectivos detratores. Parecer com o árabe, assim, é uma acusação de dessemelhança com o latim.

SOUZA, M. P. Linguística histórica. Campinas: Unicamp, 2006.

Relacionando-se as ideias dos textos a respeito da história e memória das línguas, quanto à formação da língua portuguesa, constata-se que