(MACKENZIE) As verminoses representam um grande problema de saúde, principalmente nos países subdesenvolvidos. A falta de redes de água e de esgoto, de campanhas de esclarecimento público, de higiene pessoal e de programas de combate aos transmissores, leva ao aparecimento de milhares de novos casos na população brasileira.

Dentre as verminoses humanas causadas por nemátodos, citam-se, corretamente:

(ESPCEX) Military Officers Face a New Evaluation

Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, is leading important changes following recent scandals involving high-ranking officers. This is part of training and development programs for generals and admirals. They will include new courses to train the security detail, executive staffs and even the spouses of senior officers.

Saying ¹he was disturbed about the misconduct issues, General Dempsey said that evaluations of top officers needed to go beyond the traditional assessment of professional performance by superior officers alone. He said that he had decided the changes were necessary “to assess both competence and character in a richer way”.

“You can have someone of incredible character who can’t lead their way out of a forward operating base because they don’t have the competence to understand the application of military power, and that doesn’t do me any good”, General Dempsey said. “²Conversely, you can have someone who is intensely competent in the skills of the profession, but doesn’t live a life of character. And that doesn’t do me any good.”

General Dempsey said that regular professional reviews would be transformed from top-down assessments to the kind of “360-degree performance evaluation”, which includes feedback from subordinates, peers and superiors. For the new training programs, he said that while it may be impossible to prevent infractions, “most officers need to be reminded of the rules and regulations on a routine basis”.

Teams of inspectors will observe and review the procedures of commanders and their staffs. The inspections will not be punitive, but will provide a “periodic opportunity for general officers to understand whether, from an institutional perspective, we think they are inside or outside the white lines”, he said. In addition, new programs will be instituted to ensure that a commander’s staff, and a spouse, are fully aware of military regulations.

“In my 39 years in the military, I have learned that you are not a profession just because you say you are. You have to earn it and re-earn it and re-evaluate it from time to time”, General Dempsey said.

 Adapted from www.nytimes.com/2013/04/14/us

In the sentence “Conversely, you can have...” (ref. 2), the word conversely indicates that the two situations described in the paragraph

(Unesp)  Considere a afirmação feita por Charles Darwin em seu livro publicado em 1859, A origem das espécies, sobre a transmissão hereditária das características biológicas:

Os fatos citados no primeiro capítulo não permitem, creio eu, dúvida alguma sobre este ponto: que o uso, nos animais domésticos, reforça e desenvolve certas partes, enquanto o não uso as diminui; e, além disso, que estas modificações são hereditárias. 

É correto afirmar que, à época da publicação do livro, Darwin

(UNIMONTES) A banana é uma fruta tropical muito utilizada em saladas. No entanto, apresenta o inconveniente do rápido escurecimento tanto da polpa quanto da casca. Esse escurecimento ocorre pela ação de enzimas, principalmente a polifeniloxidase. Essas enzimas transformam os fenóis em quinonas, conforme representado na equação, que se polimerizam e formam compostos de coloração escura, as melaninas, formadas preferencialmente em ambiente frio. Um dos tratamentos utilizados para retardar o processo de escurecimento é o uso do ácido ascórbico, vitamina C, que é reconhecido por sua ação redutora.

Em relação às informações apresentadas, a alternativa CORRETA é:

(PUCSP)  Considere a seguinte filogenia.

De acordo com as informações expressas na filogenia, é CORRETO afirmar que