Alguns escravos morreram em consequência da violência essencial à sua captura na África, muitos outros nas jornadas entre os lugares que habitavam no interior e os portos dos oceanos Atlântico e Índico, ou enquanto aguardavam o embarque, muito mais ainda no mar, outros nos mercados de escravos brasileiros, e mais ainda durante o processo de ajustamento físico e mental ao sistema escravista no Brasil.

    “Researchers and public-health officials have long understood that to maintain a given weight, energy in (calories consumed) must equal energy out (calories expended). But then they learned that genes were important, too, and that for some people this formula was tilted in a direction that led to weight gain. Since the discovery of the first obesity gene in 1994, scientists have found about 50 genes involved in obesity. Some of them determine how individuals lay down fat and metabolize energy stores.

    Others regulate how much people want to eat in the first place, how they know when they’ve had enough and how likely they are to use up calories through activities ranging from fidgeting to running marathons. People who can get fat on very little fuel may be genetically programmed to survive in harsher environments. When the human species got its start, it was an advantage to be efficient. Today, when food is plentiful, it is a hazard.”

http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/13/magazine/13obesity.html.

(FUVEST 2007 1ª FASE) In the text, the central idea is that

 Existe no Brasil uma lei que obriga as distribuidoras de combustíveis a fixar em 27% a mistura de álcool na gasolina.

Ao abastecer seu carro com motor a gasolina em um posto, uma pessoa colocou 30 litros no tanque. Considerando que o combustível atendia a lei, quantos litros de álcool faziam parte da mistura?

 LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Sugar fear-mongering unhelpful

By The Washington Times Tuesday, June 25, 2013

In his recent piece “Is obesity a disease?” (Web, June 19), Dr. Peter Lind refers to high-fructose corn syrup and other “manufactured sugars” as “poison” that will “guarantee storage of fat in the body.” Current scientific research strongly indicates that obesity results from excessive calorie intake combined with a sedentary lifestyle. The fact is, Americans are consuming more total calories now than ever before. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, our total per-capita daily caloric intake increased by 22 percent from 2,076 calories per day in 1970 to 2,534 calories per day in 2010 – an additional 458 calories, only 34 of which come from increased added sugar intake. A vast majority of these calories come from increased fats and flour/cereals. Surprisingly, the amount of caloric sweeteners (i.e. sugar, high-fructose corn syrup, honey, etc.) Americans consume has actually decreased over the past decade. We need to continue to study the obesity epidemic to see what more can be done, but demonizing one specific ingredient accomplishes nothing and raises unnecessary fears that get in the way of real solutions.

JAMES M. RIPPE.

Shrewsbury, Mass.

Disponível em: www.washingtontimes.com.Acesso em: 29 jul. 2013. Adaptado.

Ao abordar o assunto “obesidade”, em uma seção de jornal, o autor:

(UFSM) A presença e a abrangência dos meios de comunicação na sociedade contemporânea vêm introduzindo elementos novos na relação entre as pessoas e entre elas e o seu contexto. Rádio, televisão e telefone celular são meios de comunicação que utilizam ondas eletromagnéticas, as quais têm a(s) seguinte(s) propriedade(s):

I. propagação no vácuo.

II. existência de campos elétricos variáveis perpendiculares a campos magnéticos variáveis.

III. transporte de energia e não de matéria.

Está(ão) correta(s)