(UPE) Whales are people, too

One of the most important features of science is that scientific progress regularly leads to important ethical questions. This is particularly true with research about cetaceans — whales, dolphins and the like — because it has become increasingly apparent that the inner life of these nonhumans is more complex than most humans realize. We have learned that their capacity for suffering is significantly greater than has been imagined — which makes much human behavior towards these nonhumans ethically problematic.

There is now ample scientific evidence that capacities once thought to be unique to humans are shared by these beings. ¹Like humans, whales and dolphins are 'persons'. That is, they are self-aware beings with individual personalities and a rich inner life. They have the ability to think abstractly, feel deeply and choose their actions. Their lives are characterized by close, long-term relationships with conspecifics in communities characterized by culture. In short, whales and dolphins are a “who”, not a “what”.

²However, as the saying goes, there is good news and there is bad news.

The good news is that the scientific community is gradually recognizing the importance of these ethical issues. For example, more marine mammal scientists are steering away from doing research on captive dolphins. More significantly, a small group of experts who met at the Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies in the spring of 2010 to evaluate the ethical implications of the scientific research on cetaceans concluded that the evidence merited issuing a Declaration of Rights for Cetaceans: Whales and Dolphins. This group included such prominent scientists as Lori Marino and Hal Whitehead. Particularly important in this declaration was the recognition that whales and dolphins are persons who are "beyond use". Treating them as 'property' is indefensible.

Unfortunately, while there has been consistent progress in scientists' sensitivity to the ethical issues, the same cannot be said for those who use cetaceans to generate revenue.

Disponível em: www.abc.net.au/environment/articles. (Adaptado) 

As palavras Like (ref. 1) e However (ref. 2) estabelecem, respectivamente, relações de:

(ENEM 2017 LIBRAS)

E a sujeira virou arte

Dia após dia, a poluição invisível dos canos de descarga vai grudando nos muros junto à fuligem de fogueiras acesas por moradores de rua, até que não seja mais possível distinguir o limpo original do sujo acumulado. É nesse momento que surge o artista visual Drin Cortes, 27. Com um pano úmido, um pincel e uma garrafa de água — e nada além —, ele tem transformado a paisagem da capital mineira ao usar a técnica do grafite reverso, que consiste em apagar a sujeira para criar desenhos que dialogam com a problemática da cidade. O trabalho [atual] consiste em desenhar rostos de pessoas desaparecidas, que tenham em sua história alguma relação com as drogas. “Esse lugar respira o problema da droga. O usuário de crack muitas vezes é tratado de forma hostil. Essa é uma forma de as pessoas passarem por aqui e olharem duas vezes para aquilo que a sujeira esconde. E que, na verdade, elas não veem porque não querem”, diz.

SIMÕES, L. Disponível em: www.otempo.com.br. Acesso em: 3 fev. 2015 (adaptado).

A arte pode representar padrões de beleza ou ter o propósito de questioná-los, permitindo que a sociedade reveja valores e preconceitos. O artista Drin Cortes utiliza da técnica do grafite reverso com o objetivo de

(ESPCEX) A crise do sistema feudal motivou uma série de mudanças sociais e culturais com o revigoramento do comércio e das cidades, entre os séculos XI e XIII, na Europa. Nas alternativas abaixo, assinale aquela que se relaciona com o surgimento da burguesia. 

    The perils of counterfeit drugs go way beyond being ripped off by dubious online pill-pushers. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 50 per cent of all medicines sold online are worthless counterfeits. In developing nations fake pills may account for as much as 30 per cent of all drugs on the market. Even in the developed world, 1 per cent of medicines bought over the counter are fakes.

    Some key events illustrate the risk these pose. In Nigeria, 2500 children died in 1995 after receiving fake meningitis vaccines. In Haiti, Bangladesh and Nigeria, around 400 people died in 1998 after being given paracetamol that had been prepared with diethylene glycol – a solvent used in wallpaper stripper. The fakers are nothing if not market-aware: in the face of an outbreak of H5N1 bird flu in 2005, they began offering fake Tamiflu.

    What can be done? The WHO coordinates an umbrella body called the International Medical Products Anti-Counterfeiting Taskforce (IMPACT), an industry initiative that issues alerts when it finds anomalies in the medicine supply chain. Such events include sudden drops in wholesale prices, hinting at fakes coming onto the market, or the mimicking of anti-counterfeiting features on packaging, such as holograms or barcodes, says Nimo Ahmed, head of intelligence at the UK’s Medicine and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency.

New Scientist, 10 July 2010, p. 18. Adaptado.

(FUVEST 2011 1° FASE) Segundo o texto, para conter a venda de medicamentos falsificados, a Organização Mundial da Saúde

(UESPI) Os sais minerais são essenciais em uma alimentação saudável, pois exercem várias funções reguladoras no corpo humano. Sobre esse assunto, faça a correspondência entre as colunas apresentadas abaixo.

A sequência correta é: